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Enterohemorrhagic  Escherichia coli  (EHEC), a human pathogen, also infects  Caenorhabditis elegans . We demonstrated previously that  C. elegans  activates the p38 MAPK innate immune pathway to defend against EHEC infection. However, whether a  C. elegans  pattern recognition receptor (PRR) exists to regulate the immune pathway remains unknown. PRRs identified in other metazoans contain several conserved domains, including the leucine-rich repeat (LRR). By screening a focused RNAi library, we identified the IGLR-2, a transmembrane protein containing the LRR domain, as a potential immune regulator in  C. elegans . Our data showed that  iglr-2  regulates the host susceptibility to EHEC infection. Moreover,  iglr-2  is required for pathogen avoidance to EHEC. The  iglr-2  overexpressed strain, which was more resistant to EHEC originally, showed hypersusceptibility to EHEC upon knockdown of the p38 MAPK pathway. Together, our data suggested that  iglr-2  plays an important role in  C. elegans  to defend EHEC by regulating pathogen-avoidance behavior and the p38 MAPK pathway.

IGLR-2, a Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain Containing Protein, Is Required for the Host Defense in Caenorhabditis elegans