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Interleukin 27 (IL-27) plays diverse immune regulatory roles in autoimmune disorders and promotes the generation of IL-10–producing CD4 +  T cells characterized by producing the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. However, whether IL-27 participates in pathological progress of Sjögren syndrome (SS) through regulating CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells remains unknown. Here we aimed to explore the potential role of IL-27 and CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells in the pathogenesis of SS. The IL-27 gene knockout non-obese diabetic ( Il-27  −/− NOD) mice were generated and injected with exogenous IL-27. Exogenous injection of IL-27 and neutralization of IL-27 with anti–IL-27 antibody in NOD mice were performed. The histopathologic changes in submandibular glands, lacrimal glands and lung, salivary flow rate, and percentages of CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells were determined. And, ovalbumin-immunized C57L/B6 mice were injected with IL-27 to detect the percentage of CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells.  In vitro , splenic naive T cells from C57L/B6 mice were cultured with IL-27 for 4 days to induce the differentiation of CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells. In addition, IL-27, IL-10, and CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells were determined in health control and SS patients. The results showed that  Il-27  −/− NOD mice had more severe disease and lower level of CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells than control mice. And IL-27 promoted the generation and differentiation of CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells  in vivo  and  in vitro  significantly. In agreement with the findings in the SS-like mice, patients with SS showed lower levels of IL-27, IL-10, and CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells. Our findings indicated that IL-27 deficiency aggravated SS by regulating CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells. Targeting IL-27 and CD4 + IL-10 +  T cells may be a novel therapy for patients with SS.

IL-27 Regulated CD4+IL-10+ T Cells in Experimental Sjögren Syndrome