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Previously, we evaluated the effect of the immunobiotic strain  Lactobacillus rhamnosus  CRL1505 on the transcriptomic response of porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells triggered by the challenge with the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) agonist poly(I:C) and successfully identified a group of genes that can be used as prospective biomarkers for the screening of new antiviral immunobiotics. In this work, several strains of lactobacilli were evaluated according to their ability to modulate the expression of  IFN α,  IFN β,  RIG1 ,  TLR3 ,  OAS1 ,  RNASEL ,  MX2 ,  A20 ,  CXCL5, CCL4 ,  IL-15 ,  SELL ,  SELE ,  EPCAM ,  PTGS2 ,  PTEGES , and  PTGER4  in PIE cells after the stimulation with poly(I:C). Comparative analysis of transcripts variations revealed that one of the studied bacteria,  Lactobacillus plantarum  MPL16, clustered together with the CRL1505 strain, indicating a similar immunomodulatory potential. Two sets of  in vivo  experiments in Balb/c mice were performed to evaluate  L. plantarum  MPL16 immunomodulatory activities. Orally administered MPL16 prior intraperitoneal injection of poly(I:C) significantly reduced the levels of the proinflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-15 in the intestinal mucosa. In addition, orally administered  L. plantarum  MPL16 prior nasal stimulation with poly(I:C) or respiratory syncytial virus infection significantly decreased the levels of the biochemical markers of lung tissue damage. In addition, reduced levels of the proinflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were found in MPL16-treated mice. Improved levels of IFN-β and IFN-γ in the respiratory mucosa were observed in mice treated with  L. plantarum  MPL16 when compared to control mice. The immunological changes induced by  L. plantarum  MPL16 were not different from those previously reported for the CRL1505 strain in  in vitro  and  in vivo  studies. The results of this work confirm that new immunobiotic strains with the ability of stimulating both local and distal antiviral immune responses can be efficiently selected by evaluating the expression of biomarkers in PIE cells.

Efficient Selection of New Immunobiotic Strains With Antiviral Effects in Local and Distal Mucosal Sites by Using Porcine Intestinal Epitheliocytes