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The lack of continuous  in vitro  cultures has been an obstacle delaying pre-clinical testing of  Plasmodium vivax  vaccine formulations based on known antigens. In this study, we generated a model to test available formulations based on the  P. vivax  MSP1 19  antigen. The  Plasmodium berghei  strains ANKA and NK65 were modified to express  Pv MSP1 19  instead of the endogenous  Pb MSP1 19 . The hybrid parasites were used to challenge C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice immunized with  Pv MSP1 19 -based vaccine formulations. The  Pv MSP1 19  was correctly expressed in the  P. berghei  hybrid mutant lines as confirmed by immunofluorescence using anti- Pv MSP1 19  monoclonal antibodies and by Western blot. Replacement of the  Pb MSP1 19  by the  Pv MSP1 19  had no impact on asexual growth  in vivo . High titers of specific antibodies to  Pv MSP1 19  were not sufficient to control initial parasitemia in the immunized mice, but late parasitemia control and a balanced inflammatory process protected these mice from dying, suggesting that an established immune response to  Pv MSP1 19  in this model can help immunity mounted later during infection.

Protective Immunity in Mice Immunized With P. vivax MSP119-Based Formulations and Challenged With P. berghei Expressing PvMSP119