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Corticosteroids (CS) are standard therapy for the treatment of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). Even though they decrease inflammation, they have limited efficacy and are associated with significant side effects. There is therefore the need for new protolerogenic treatments to replace CS. Dystrophin-deficient rats ( Dmd   mdx  ) closely resemble the pathological phenotype of DMD patients. We performed the first Immunophenotyping of  Dmd   mdx   rats and showed leukocyte infiltration in skeletal and cardiac muscles, which consisted mostly of macrophages and T cells including CD45RC high  T cells. Muscles of DMD patients also contain elevated CD45RC high  T cells. We treated  Dmd   mdx   rats with an anti-CD45RC MAb used in previous studies to deplete CD45RC high  T cells and induce immune tolerance in models of organ transplantation. Treatment of young  Dmd   mdx   rats with anti-CD45RC MAb corrected skeletal muscle strength and was associated with depletion of CD45RC high  T cells with no side effects. Treatment of young  Dmd   mdx   rats with prednisolone resulted in increase in skeletal muscle strength but also severe growth retardation. In conclusion, anti-CD45RC MAb treatment has potential in the treatment of DMD and might eventually result in reduction or elimination of CS use.

Immunophenotype of a Rat Model of Duchenne's Disease and Demonstration of Improved Muscle Strength After Anti-CD45RC Antibody Treatment