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Streptococcus suis  ( S. suis ) ranks among the five most important porcine pathogens worldwide and occasionally threatens human health, particularly in people who come into close contact with pigs or pork products. An  S. suis  infection induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)  in vitro  and  in vivo , and the NET structure plays an essential role in  S. suis  clearance. However, the signaling pathway by which  S. suis  induces NET formation remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we used a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of mouse NET formation induced by  S. suis  or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a robust NET inducer. Greater than 50% of the differentially expressed proteins in neutrophils infected by  S. suis  showed similar changes as observed following PMA stimulation, and PKC, NADPH oxidase, and MPO were required for NET formation induced by both stimuli. Because PMA induced robust NET formation while  S. suis  (MOI = 2) induced only weak NET formation, the association between the inducer and NET formation was worth considering. Interestingly, proteins involved in peptidase activity showed significant differential changes in response to each inducer. Of these peptidases, MMP-8 expression was obviously decreased in response to PMA, but it was not significantly changed in response to  S. suis . A subsequent study further confirmed that MMP-8 activity was inversely correlated with NET formation induced by both stimuli. Therefore, the present study provides potentially important information about the manner by which neutrophils responded to the inducers to form NETs.

frontiers in immunology

A Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Induced by Streptococcus suis or Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA)