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Protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) proteins are activation-suppressing proteins for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), which involves gene transcriptional regulation. The inhibitory mechanism of PIAS proteins in the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway has been well studied in mammals and  Drosophila . However, the roles of PIAS in crustaceans are unclear. In the present study, we identified PIAS in kuruma shrimp  Marsupenaeus japonicus  and found that its relative expression could be induced by  Vibrio anguillarum  stimulation. To explore the function of PIAS in shrimp infected with  V. anguillarum , we performed an RNA interference assay. After knockdown of  PIAS  expression in shrimp subjected to  V. anguillarum  infection, bacterial clearance was enhanced and the survival rate increased compared with those in the control shrimp ( dsGFP  injection). Simultaneously, the expression levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) A1, C1, C2, and CruI-1, increased. Further study revealed that knockdown of  PIAS  also enhanced STAT phosphorylation and translocation. Pulldown assay indicated that PIAS interacts with activated STAT in shrimp. In conclusion, PIAS negatively regulates JAK/STAT signaling by inhibiting the phosphorylation and translocation of STAT through the interaction between PIAS and STAT, which leads to the reduction of AMP expression in shrimp. Our results revealed a new mechanism of PIAS-mediated gene regulation of the STAT signal pathway.

Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT (PIAS) Negatively Regulates the JAK/STAT Pathway by Inhibiting STAT Phosphorylation and Translocation