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Background  In order to eliminate tuberculosis (TB), an effective vaccine is urgently needed to prevent infection with  Mycobacterium tuberculosis . A key obstacle for the development of novel TB vaccines is the lack of surrogate markers for immune protection against  M. tuberculosis .    Methods  We investigated growth rates of  M. tuberculosis  in the mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) as a marker for mycobacterial growth control of human bronchoalveolar lavage (BALC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after vaccination with  Mycobacterium bovis  Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) of healthy adult volunteers.    Results  Vaccination induced a positive response ( p  < 0.001) to purified protein derivate (PPD) in 58.8% of the individuals in an interferon-γ release assay-ELISpot. Intraindividual evaluation of the MGIA growth rates before and after  M. bovis  BCG-vaccination revealed no significant difference in time to culture positivity before and after vaccination in BALC ( p  = 0.604) and PBMC ( p  = 0.199). The magnitude of the PPD-response induced by  M. bovis  BCG-vaccination did not correlate with growth control in BALC and PBMC (correlation = 0.468, 95% CI: −0.016 to 0.775).    Conclusion  In conclusion,  M. bovis  BCG-vaccination-induced mycobacterial-specific cytokine immune response does not result in functional immune control against  M. tuberculosis  in the MGIA.

frontiers in immunology

Mycobacterium Growth Inhibition Assay of Human Alveolar Macrophages as a Correlate of Immune Protection Following Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination