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Background  It is unclear whether antibodies can prevent  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  ( Mtb ) infection. In this study, we examined the relationship between total plasma IgG levels, IgG elicited by childhood vaccines and soil-transmitted helminths, and  Mtb  infection prevalence, defined by positive QuantiFERON (QFT) test.    Methods  We studied 100  Mtb  uninfected infants, aged 4–6 months. Ten infants (10%) converted to positive QFT test (QFT+) within 2 years of follow-up for  Mtb  infection. Antibody responses in plasma samples acquired at baseline and tuberculosis investigation were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ImmunoCAP ®  assay.    Results  QFT− infants displayed a significant increase in total IgG titers when re-tested, compared to IgG titers at baseline, which was not observed in QFT+ infants. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-specific IgG2 and live-attenuated measles vaccine-specific IgG were raised in QFT− infants, and infants who acquired an  Mtb  infection did not appear to launch a BCG-specific IgG2 response. IgG titers against the endemic helminth  Ascaris lumbricoides  increased from baseline to QFT re-testing in all infants.    Conclusion  These data show raised IgG associates with a QFT-status. Importantly, this effect was also associated with a trend showing raised IgG titers to BCG and measles vaccine. Our data suggest a possible protective association between raised antibody titers and acquisition of  Mtb  infection, potentially mediated by exposure to antigens both related and unrelated to  Mtb .

Elevated IgG Responses in Infants Are Associated With Reduced Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection