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Background   Mycoplasma pneumoniae  pneumonia (MPP) is one of the most common community-acquired pneumonia; this study is to explore the immune-pathogenesis of children MPP.    Methods  Next-generation transcriptome sequencing was performed on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from six children with MPP and three children with foreign body aspiration as control. Some of the results had been validated by quantitative real-time PCR in an expanded group of children.    Results  Results revealed 810 differentially expressed genes in MPP group comparing to control group, of which 412 genes including  RLTPR, CARD11  and  RASAL3  were upregulated. These upregulated genes were mainly enriched in mononuclear cell proliferation and signaling biological processes. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis revealed that hematopoietic cell linage pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, and T cell receptor signaling pathway were significantly upregulated in MPP children. In addition, significant alternative splicing events were found in  GNLY  and  SLC11A1  genes, which may cause the differential expressions of these genes.    Conclusion  Our results suggest that NK and CD8+ T cells are over activated and proliferated in MPP children; the upregulated  IFNγ, PRF1, GZMB, FASL , and  GNLY  may play important roles in the pathogenesis of children MPP.

frontiers in immunology

Transcriptome Analysis of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Children With Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia Reveals Natural Killer and T Cell-Proliferation Responses