English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Persistent immune activation is a striking consequence of HIV-1 infection and a driving force of CD4 +  T cell depletion and AIDS events during chronic infection. High level of T cell immune activation associates with antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated clinical outcomes in chronically HIV-1-infected patients. However, the role of T cell activation during acute infection stage in subsequent CD4 +  T cell decline in the absence of ART treatment is unknown. In this study, we enrolled 26 acutely HIV-1-infected patients in the absence of ART treatment from a prospective acute HIV-1 infection cohort in Beijing (PRIMO). A comprehensive analysis of CD4 +  and CD8 +  T cell immune activation during acute infection stage and the clinical outcomes was studied. We found that patients with higher level of CD4 +  T cell activation (%CD38 + HLA-DR + CD4 +  T cells) exhibited more effective function (%IL-2 production and %ki67 expression) in CD4 +  T cells compared to those from patients without increased T cell activation at the acute phase. Direct correlations were observed between CD4 +  T cell activation and the percentages of IL-2-producing or ki67-expressing CD4 +  T cells in patients at the acute phase of infection. Importantly, the increased levels of CD4 +  T cell immune activation, IL-2 production, and cycling expression during acute infection were associated with less decline of CD4 +  T cell after 2 years of infection. However, immune exhaustion molecules in acute infection, including CD160, T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, programmed cell death protein 1, and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin 3, were not associated with the CD4 +  T cell depletion. These significant associations of CD4 +  T cell activation were not demonstrable for CD8 +  T cell activation at the acute phase. Taken together, our observations provide new insight into the possible role of T cell activation in preventing CD4 +  T cell depletion during acute HIV-1 infection.

frontiers in immunology

Elevated Level of CD4+ T Cell Immune Activation in Acutely HIV-1-Infected Stage Associates With Increased IL-2 Production and Cycling Expression, and Subsequent CD4+ T Cell Preservation