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Gut microbiota may not only affect composition of local immune cells but also affect systemic immune cells. However, it is not completely clear how gut microbiota modulate these immune systems. Here, we found that there exist expanded macrophage pools in  huREG3 γ  tgIEC   mice. REG3γ-associated  Lactobacillus , which is homology to  Lactobacillus Taiwanese , could enlarge macrophage pools not only in the small intestinal lamina propria but also in the spleen and adipose tissues. STAT3-mediated signal(s) was a critical factor in the  Lactobacillus -mediated anti-inflammatory macrophages. We also offered evidence for critical cellular links among REG3γ-associated  Lactobacillus , tissue macrophages, and obesity diseases. Anti-inflammatory macrophages in the lamina propria, which are induced by REG3γ-associated  Lactobacillus , may migrate into adipose tissues and are involved in resistance against high-fat diet-mediated obesity. Thus, REG3γ-associated  Lactobacillus -induced anti-inflammatory macrophages in gut tissues may play a role in adipose tissue homeostasis.

Gut REG3γ-Associated Lactobacillus Induces Anti-inflammatory Macrophages to Maintain Adipose Tissue Homeostasis