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B-1a cells constitutively secrete natural antibody that provides immediate protection against microbial pathogens and functions homeostatically to speed removal of apoptotic cell debris. Although B-1a cells are especially prominent in the peritoneal and pleural cavities, some B-1a cells reside in the spleen. A small subset of splenic B-1a cells in naïve, unimmunized mice express CD138, a recognized plasma cell antigen, whereas the bulk of splenic B-1a cells are CD138 negative. Splenic B-1a cells  in toto  have been shown to generate much more antibody per cell than peritoneal B-1a cells; however, specific functional information regarding CD138 +  splenic B-1a cells has been lacking. Here, we find a higher proportion of CD138 +  splenic B-1a cells spontaneously secrete more IgM as compared to CD138 −  B-1a cells. Moreover, IgM secreted by CD138 +  splenic B-1a cells is skewed with respect to N-region addition, and some aspects of V H  and J H  utilization, as compared to CD138 −  splenic B-1a cells and peritoneal B-1a cells. The small population of CD138 +  splenic B-1a cells is likely responsible for a substantial portion of natural IgM and differs from IgM produced by other B-1a cell subsets.

Splenic B-1a Cells Expressing CD138 Spontaneously Secrete Large Amounts of Immunoglobulin in NaÃ¯ve Mice