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In this study, we show that CD25 hi TNFR2 +  cells can be rapidly generated  in vitro  from circulating CD4 lymphocytes by polyclonal stimuli anti-CD3 in the presence of anti-CD28. The  in vitro  induced CD25 hi TNFR2 +  T cells express a conventional regulatory T cells phenotype FOXP3 + CTLA4 + CD127 lo/− , but produce effector and immunoregulatory cytokines including IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-g. These induced CD25 hi TNFR2 +  T cells do not suppress target cell proliferation, but enhance it instead. Thus the CD25 hi TNFR2 +  phenotype induced rapidly following CD3/28 cross linking of CD4 T cells identifies cells with maximal proliferative and effector cytokine-producing capability. The  in vivo  counterpart of this cell population may play an important role in immune response initiation.

TNFR2 Expression on CD25hiFOXP3+ T Cells Induced upon TCR Stimulation of CD4 T Cells Identifies Maximal Cytokine-Producing Effectors