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There has been no systematic identification and screening of candidate reference genes for normalization of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results in  Rhododendron delavayi  to date. Therefore, the present study used  GAPDH, Act, EF1, Tub-, Tub-5, UEC1, TATA, TATA-2, UEP, TIP41,  and Ubiquitin to predict their stabilities on different aboveground tissues (matured leaves (ML), stem tips (STM), and flower buds (FB)) at different developmental stages (young and adult plants) using five statistical algorithms: Delta Ct method, BestKeeper, geNorm, Normfinder, and RefFinder. The findings were confirmed using ML obtained from plants that had been stressed by drought. By using RefFinder with ML samples collected under drought conditions, it was determined that the top five most stable reference genes were  GAPDH &amp;gt; UEC1 &amp;gt; Actin &amp;gt; Tubulin- &amp;gt; Tubulin—5 , whereas the least stable reference gene was Ubiquitin. In addition, under control conditions,  UEC1, UEC2, Actin, and GAPDH  were selected as the highest stable potential reference genes at the juvenile stage of  R. delavayi  with ML and STM. When ML and STM were combined with drought-stressed samples,  TIP41, GAPDH , or their combination proved to be the most effective qRT-PCR primers. The findings will aid in the improvement of the precision and reliability of qRT-PCR data and laying the groundwork for future gene functional studies in  R. delavayi .

frontiers in genetics

Selection and Evaluation of Candidate Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Aboveground Tissues and Drought Conditions in Rhododendron Delavayi