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Zinc finger-homeodomain (ZF-HD) transcription factors play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as the regulation of stress responses. Studies on the ZF-HD family genes have been conducted in many plants, however, the characteristics of this family in apple ( Malus domestica ) fruit remains to be poorly understood. In this study, we identified nineteen  ZF-HD  family genes in apple at the whole-genome scale, which were unevenly located on ten chromosomes. These  MdZF-HD  genes were phylogenetically divided into two subfamilies: zinc finger-homeodomain (ZHD) and MINI ZINC FINGER (MIF), and the ZHD subfamily was further classified into five groups (ZHDI–ZHDV). Analysis of the gene structures showed that most  MdZF-HD  genes lack introns. Gene expression analysis indicated that nine selected  MdZF-HD  genes were differentially responsive to 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) treatment during the postharvest storage of “Qinguan” apple fruit. Moreover, the transcripts of six genes were further validated in “Golden Delicious” apple fruit, and five genes ( MdZHD1/2/6/10/11 ) were significantly repressed and one gene ( MdZHD7 ) was slightly induced by ethylene treatment. These results indicated that these six  MdZF-HD  genes may involve in the regulation of ethylene induced ripening process of postharvest apple fruit. These findings provide new clues for further functional investigation of  ZF-HD  genes, such as their roles in the regulation of fruit ripening.

Genome-Wide Investigation of the Zinc Finger-Homeodomain Family Genes Reveals Potential Roles in Apple Fruit Ripening