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Capsicum annuum  L. is one of the most cultivated Solanaceae species, and in the open field, water limitation leading to drought stress affects its fruit quality, fruit setting, fruit size and ultimately yield. We identified stage-specific and a common core set of differentially expressed genes, following RNA-seq transcriptome analyses of a breeding line subjected to acute drought stress followed by recovery (rewatering), at three stages of plant development. Among them, two NAC transcription factor (TF) genes, i.e., CaNAC072 and CaNAC104, were always upregulated after drought stress and downregulated after recovery. The two TF proteins were observed to be localized in the nucleus following their transient expression in  Nicotiana benthamiana  leaves. The expression of the two NACs was also induced by NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, suggesting that  CaNAC072  is an early, while  CaNAC104  is a late abiotic stress-responsive gene. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of  CaNAC104  did not affect the pepper plantlet’s tolerance to drought stress, while VIGS of  CaNAC072  increased drought tolerance. Heterologous expression of  CaNAC072  in  Arabidopsis thaliana  as well as in plants mutated for its homolog  ANAC072  did not increase drought stress tolerance. This highlights a different role of the two NAC homologs in the two species. Here, we discuss the complex role of NACs as transcriptional switches in the response to drought stress in bell pepper.

Transcriptome-Based Identification and Functional Characterization of NAC Transcription Factors Responsive to Drought Stress in Capsicum annuum L.