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The  U-box  gene encodes a ubiquitin ligase that contains a U-box domain. The plant U-box (PUB) protein plays an important role in the plant stress response; however, very few studies have investigated the role of these proteins in Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis ). Thus, more research on PUB proteins is necessary to understand the mechanisms of stress tolerance in  P. edulis . In this study, we identified 121 members of the PUB family in  P. edulis  ( PePUB ), using bioinformatics based on the  P. edulis  V2 genome build. The  U-box  genes of  P. edulis  showed an uneven distribution among the chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of the  U-box  genes between  P. edulis  and  Arabidopsis thaliana  suggested that these genes can be classified into eight subgroups (Groups I–VIII) based on their structural and phylogenetic features. All  U-box  genes and the structure of their encoded proteins were identified in  P. edulis . We further investigated the expression pattern of  PePUB  genes in different tissues, including the leaves, panicles, rhizomes, roots, and shoots. The qRT-PCR results showed that expression of three genes,  PePUB15 ,  PePUB92,  and  PePUB120 , was upregulated at low temperatures compared to that at 25°C. The expression levels of two  PePUBs ,  PePUB60  and  PePUB120 , were upregulated under drought stress. These results suggest that the  PePUB  genes play an important role in resistance to low temperatures and drought in  P. edulis . This research provides new insight into the function, diversity, and characterization of  PUB  genes in  P. edulis  and provides a basis for understanding their biological roles and molecular mechanisms.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Plant U-Box Protein Gene Family in Phyllostachys edulis