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Cold and drought are two of the most severe threats affecting the growth and productivity of the tea plant, limiting its global spread. Both stresses cause osmotic changes in the cells of the tea plant by decreasing their water potential. To develop cultivars that are tolerant to both stresses, it is essential to understand the genetic responses of tea plant to these two stresses, particularly in terms of the genes involved. In this study, we combined literature data with interspecific transcriptomic analyses (using  Arabidopsis thaliana  and  Solanum lycopersicum ) to choose genes related to cold tolerance. We identified 45 stress-inducible candidate genes associated with cold and drought responses in tea plants based on a comprehensive homologous detection method. Of these, nine were newly characterized by us, and 36 had previously been reported. The gene network analysis revealed upregulated expression in  ICE1 -related cluster of  bHLH  factors,  HSP70/BAM5  connected genes (hexokinases, galactinol synthases,  SnRK  complex, etc.) indicating their possible co-expression. Using qRT-PCR we revealed that 10 genes were significantly upregulated in response to both cold and drought in tea plant:  HSP70, GST, SUS1, DHN1, BMY5, bHLH102, GR-RBP3, ICE1, GOLS1 , and  GOLS3 .  SnRK1.2, HXK1/2, bHLH7/43/79/93  were specifically upregulated in cold, while  RHL41, CAU1, Hydrolase22  were specifically upregulated in drought. Interestingly, the expression of  CIP  was higher in the recovery stage of both stresses, indicating its potentially important role in plant recovery after stress. In addition, some genes, such as  DHN3, bHLH79, PEI54, SnRK1.2, SnRK1.3 , and  Hydrolase22 , were significantly positively correlated between the cold and drought responses.  CBF1, GOLS1, HXK2 , and  HXK3 , by contrast, showed significantly negative correlations between the cold and drought responses. Our results provide valuable information and robust candidate genes for future functional analyses intended to improve the stress tolerance of the tea plant and other species.

Comparative Expression Analysis of Stress-Inducible Candidate Genes in Response to Cold and Drought in Tea Plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze]