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CCCH (C3H) zinc-finger proteins are involved in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses, growth and development, and disease resistance. However, studies on  C3H  genes in  Phaseolus vulgaris  L. (common bean) are limited. Here, 29 protein-encoding  C3H  genes, located on 11 different chromosomes, were identified in  P. vulgaris . A phylogenetic analysis categorized the  PvC3H s into seven subfamilies on the basis of distinct features, such as exon–intron structure,  cis -regulatory elements, and MEME motifs. A collinearity analysis revealed connections among the  PvC3H s in the same and different species. The  PvC3H  genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns during the sprout stage, as assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Using RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR data,  PvC3H s were identified as being enriched through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses in binding, channel activity, and the spliceosome pathway. These results provide useful information and a rich resource that can be exploited to functionally characterize and understand  PvC3H s. These  PvC3Hs , especially those enriched in binding, channel activity, and the spliceosome pathway will further facilitate the molecular breeding of common bean and provide insights into the correlations between  PvC3Hs  and salt-stress responses during the sprout stage.

frontiers in genetics

Genome- and Transcriptome-Wide Identification of C3Hs in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Structural and Expression-Based Analyses of Their Functions During the Sprout Stage Under Salt-Stress Conditions