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Streptococcus agalactiae  is an invasive multi-host pathogen that causes invasive diseases mainly in newborns, elderly, and individuals with underlying health complications. In fish,  S. agalactiae  causes streptococcosis, which is characterized by septicemia and neurological signs, and leads to great economic losses to the fish farming industry worldwide. These bacteria can be classified into different serotypes based on capsular antigens, and into different sequence types (ST) based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In 2015, serotype III ST283 was identified to be associated with a foodborne invasive disease in non-pregnant immunocompetent humans in Singapore, and the infection was related to raw fish consumption. In addition, a serotype III strain isolated from tilapia in Brazil has been reported to be resistant to five antibiotic classes. This specific serotype can serve as a reservoir of resistance genes and pose a serious threat to public health. Thus, new approaches for the control and treatment of  S. agalactiae  infections are needed. In the present study, 24  S. agalactiae  serotype III complete genomes, isolated from human and fish hosts, were compared. The core genome was identified, and, using bioinformatics tools and subtractive criteria, five proteins were identified as potential drug targets. Furthermore, 5,008 drug-like natural compounds were virtually screened against the identified targets. The ligands with the best binding properties are suggested for further  in vitro  and  in vivo  analysis.

frontiers in genetics

In silico Prediction of New Drug Candidates Against the Multidrug-Resistant and Potentially Zoonotic Fish Pathogen Serotype III Streptococcus agalactiae