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The TORC1 pathway coordinates cell growth in response to nitrogen availability present in the medium, regulating genes related to nitrogen transport and metabolism. Therefore, the adaptation of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  to changes in nitrogen availability implies variations in the activity of this signaling pathway. In this sense, variations in nitrogen detection and signaling pathway are one of the main causes of differences in nitrogen assimilation during alcoholic fermentation. Previously, we demonstrated that allelic variants in the  GTR1  gene underlying differences in ammonium and amino acids consumption between Wine/European (WE) and West African (WA) strains impact the expression of nitrogen transporters. The  GTR1  gene encodes a GTPase that participates in the EGO complex responsible for TORC1 activation in response to amino acids availability. In this work, we assessed the role of the  GTR1  gene on nitrogen consumption under fermentation conditions, using a high sugar concentration medium with nitrogen limitation and in the context of the WE and WA genetic backgrounds. The  gtr1Δ  mutant presented a reduced TORC1 activity and increased expression levels of nitrogen transporters, which in turn favored ammonium consumption, but decreased amino acid assimilation. Furthermore, to identify the SNPs responsible for differences in nitrogen consumption during alcoholic fermentation, we studied the polymorphisms present in the  GTR1  gene. We carried out swapping experiments for the promoter and coding regions of  GTR1  between the WE and WA strains. We observed that polymorphisms in the coding region of the WA  GTR1  gene are relevant for TORC1 activity. Altogether, our results highlight the role of the  GTR1  gene on nitrogen consumption in  S. cerevisiae  under fermentation conditions.

GTR1 Affects Nitrogen Consumption and TORC1 Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Under Fermentation Conditions