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The  Vitis vinifera  L. terpene synthase ( VviTPS ) family was comprehensively annotated on the phased diploid genomes of three closely related cultivars: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carménère and Chardonnay.  VviTPS  gene regions were grouped to chromosomes, with the haplotig assemblies used to identify allelic variants. Functional predictions of the  VviTPS  subfamilies were performed using enzyme active site phylogenies resulting in the putative identification of the initial substrate and cyclization mechanism of VviTPS enzymes. Subsequent groupings into conserved catalytic mechanisms was coupled with an analysis of cultivar-specific gene duplications, resulting in the identification of conserved and unique  VviTPS  clusters. These findings are presented as a collection of interactive networks where any  VviTPS  of interest can be queried through BLAST, allowing for a rapid identification of  VviTPS -subfamily, enzyme mechanism and degree of connectivity (i.e., extent of duplication). The comparative genomic analyses presented expands our understanding of the  VviTPS  family and provides numerous new gene models from three diploid genomes.

frontiers in genetics

Comparative (Within Species) Genomics of the Vitis vinifera L. Terpene Synthase Family to Explore the Impact of Genotypic Variation Using Phased Diploid Genomes