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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping displays the particular characteristics of HLA alleles and haplotype frequencies in each population. Although it is considered the current gold standard for HLA typing, high-resolution sequence-based HLA typing is currently unavailable in Kinh Vietnamese populations. In this study, high-resolution sequence-based HLA typing (3-field) was performed using an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing platform to identify the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 alleles of 101 unrelated healthy Kinh Vietnamese individuals from southern Vietnam. A total of 28 HLA-A, 41 HLA-B, 21 HLA-C, 26 HLA-DRB1, and 25 HLA-DQB1 alleles were identified. The most frequently occurring HLA alleles were A ∗ 11:01:01, B ∗ 15:02:01, C ∗ 07:02:01, DRB1 ∗ 12:02:01, and DQB1 ∗ 03:01:01. Haplotype calculation showed that A ∗ 29:01:01∼B ∗ 07:05:01, DRB1 ∗ 12:02:01∼DQB1 ∗ 3:01:01, A ∗ 29:01:01∼C ∗ 15:05:02∼B ∗ 07:05:01, A ∗ 33:03:01∼B ∗ 58:01:01∼DRB1 ∗ 03:01:01, and A ∗ 29:01:01∼C ∗ 15:05:02∼B ∗ 07:05:01∼DRB1 ∗ 10:01:01∼DQB1 ∗ 05:01:01 were the most common haplotypes in the southern Kinh Vietnamese population. Allele distribution and haplotype analyses demonstrated that the Vietnamese population shares HLA features with South-East Asians but retains unique characteristics. Data from this study will be potentially applicable in medicine and anthropology.

High-Resolution HLA Typing of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 in Kinh Vietnamese by Using Next-Generation Sequencing