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Riemerella anatipestifer  ATCC11845 (RA ATCC11845) is naturally competent. However, the genes involved in natural transformation in this species remain largely unknown. Bioinformatic analysis predicts that DprA of RA (DprA Ra ) has three domains: a sterile alpha motif (SAM), a Rossmann fold (RF) domain and a Z-DNA-binding domain (Zα). Inactivation of  dprA  abrogated natural transformation in RA ATCC11845, and this effect was restored by the expression of  dprA in trans . The  dprA  with SAM and RF domains of  Streptococcus pneumoniae  and the  dprA  with RF and Zα domains of  Helicobacter pylori  was able to restore natural transformation in the RA ATCC11845  dprA  mutant. An Arg123 mutation in the RF domain of  R. anatipestifer  was not able to restore natural transformation of the RA ATCC11845  dprA  mutant. Furthermore, DprA R123E  abolished its ability to bind DNA, suggesting that the RF domain is essential for the function of DprA. Finally, the  dprA  of  Fusobacterium naviforme  which has not been reported to be natural competent currently was partially able to restore natural transformation in RA ATCC11845  dprA  mutant. These results collectively suggest that DprA has a conserved evolutionary mechanism.

DprA Is Essential for Natural Competence in Riemerella anatipestifer and Has a Conserved Evolutionary Mechanism