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Intracellular vesicle trafficking genes,  Rab , encoding small GTP binding proteins, have been well studied in medical research, but there is little information concerning these proteins in plants. Some sub-families of the  Rab  genes have not yet been characterized in plants, such as  RabC  – otherwise known as  Rab18  in yeast and animals. Our study aimed to identify all  CaRab  gene sequences in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum  L.) using bioinformatics approaches, with a particular focus on the  CaRabC  gene sub-family since it featured in an SNP database. Five isoforms of the  CaRabC  gene were identified and studied:  CaRabC-1a, -1b, -1c, -2a  and  -2a ∗  . Six accessions of both Desi and Kabuli ecotypes, selected from field trials, were tested for tolerance to abiotic stresses, including salinity, drought and rapid dehydration and compared to plant growth under control conditions. Expression analysis of total and individual  CaRabC  isoforms in leaves of control plants revealed a very high level of expression, with the greatest contribution made by  CaRabC-1c . Salinity stress (150 mM NaCl, 12 days in soil) caused a 2-3-fold increased expression of total  CaRabC  compared to controls, with the highest expression in isoforms  CaRabC-1c, -2a ∗   and  -1a . Significantly decreased expression of all five isoforms of  CaRabC  was observed under drought (12 days withheld water) compared to controls. In contrast, both total  CaRabC  and the  CaRabC-1a  isoform showed very high expression (up-to eight-fold) in detached leaves over 6 h of dehydration. The results suggest that the  CaRabC  gene is involved in plant growth and response to abiotic stresses. It was highly expressed in leaves of non-stressed plants and was down-regulated after drought, but salinity and rapid dehydration caused up-regulation to high and very high levels, respectively. The isoforms of  CaRabC  were differentially expressed, with the highest levels recorded for  CaRabC-1c  in controls and under salinity stress, and for  CaRabC-1a  – in rapidly dehydrated leaves. Genotypic variation in  CaRabC-1a , comprising eleven SNPs, was found through sequencing of the local chickpea cultivar Yubileiny and germplasm ICC7255 in comparison to the two fully sequenced reference accessions, ICC4958 and Frontier. Amplifluor-like markers based on one of the identified SNPs in  CaRabC-1a  were designed and successfully used for genotyping chickpea germplasm.

frontiers in genetics

Intracellular Vesicle Trafficking Genes, RabC-GTP, Are Highly Expressed Under Salinity and Rapid Dehydration but Down-Regulated by Drought in Leaves of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)