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Objective:  To explore the association between methadone dosage, plasma drug concentration, SNPs of μ-opioid receptor gene ( OPRM1 ), ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 gene ( ABCB1 ), and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) response.   Method:  A total of 240 Chinese Han participants receiving MMT were recruited from Shanghai. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the  OPRM1  gene and three SNPs of the  ABCB1  gene were genotyped, plasma methadone concentration was detected, and a morphine urine test was taken from all subjects.   Results:  Methadone dosage, plasma methadone concentration, and negative rate of morphine urine test of retention participants were significantly higher, although the addiction severity index (ASI) was not significantly different between the two groups. A allele and AA genotype carriers of rs562859 ( OPRM1  gene) had better compliance of MMT, and AA genotype carriers had a higher negative rate of morphine urine test. However, the difference was not significant after adjusting influence factors (age, sex, and methadone dosage). GG genotype carriers of rs3192723 ( OPRM1  gene) had a significantly lower negative rate of morphine urine test, and the difference was still significant after adjusting influence factors. Logistic regression analysis showed that methadone-free trough concentration (OR = 0.910,  p  = 0.023) and AA genotype of rs526859 (OR = 0.580,  p  = 0.037) were associated with better compliance of MMT. After Bonferroni correction, only free trough concentration of methadone was negatively correlated with MMT compliance. The SNPs rs6912029 (OR = 0.021,  p  = 0.066) and rs6902403 (OR = 0.910,  p  = 0.007) of the  OPRM1  gene, age at first use (OR = 1.118,  p  = 0.005), and average methadone dosage (OR = 1.033,  p  = 0.045) were associated with MMT effect. After Bonferroni correction, average methadone dosage was no longer correlated with MMT effect.   Conclusion:  Dosage of methadone, plasma methadone concentration, several SNPs (rs3192723, rs6912029, rs6902403) of the  OPRM1  gene, and age of first drug use were associated with better MMT outcomes.

Methadone Dosage and Plasma Levels, SNPs of OPRM1 Gene and Age of First Drug Use Were Associated With Outcomes of Methadone Maintenance Treatment