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Bicoid interacting 3 domain containing RNA methyltransferase (BCDIN3D) is a member of the Bin3 methyltransferase family and is evolutionary conserved from worm to human. BCDIN3D is overexpressed in breast cancer, which is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancers. However, the biological functions and properties of BCDIN3D have been enigmatic. Recent studies have revealed that human BCDIN3D monomethylates 5′-monophsosphate of cytoplasmic tRNA His   in vivo  and  in vitro . BCDIN3D recognizes the unique and exceptional structural features of cytoplasmic tRNA His  and discriminates tRNA His  from other cytoplasmic tRNA species. Thus, BCDIN3D is a tRNA His -specific 5′-monophosphate methyltransferase. Methylation of the 5′-phosphate group of tRNA His  does not significantly affect tRNA His  aminoacylation by histidyl-tRNA synthetase  in vitro  nor the steady state level or stability of tRNA His   in vivo . Hence, methylation of the 5′-phosphate group of tRNA His  by BCDIN3D or tRNA His  itself may be involved in certain unknown biological processes, beyond protein synthesis. This review discusses recent reports on BCDIN3D and the possible association between 5′-phosphate monomethylation of tRNA His  and the tumorigenic phenotype of breast cancer.

Human BCDIN3D Is a Cytoplasmic tRNAHis-Specific 5′-Monophosphate Methyltransferase