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Background:  There are 3 classes of  HLA  molecules;  HLA  class I, II and III, of which different classes have different functions.  HLA-B  gene which belongs to  HLA  class I play an important role predicting drug hypersensitivity.   Materials and Methods:  Nine hundred and eighty-six Thai subjects who registered at a pharmacogenomics laboratory were determined for  HLA-B  genotype using a two-stage sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe system (PCR-SSOP).   Results:  In this study,  HLA-B  alleles did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P  > 0.05). The most common  HLA-B  alleles observed in this population were  HLA-B  *  46:01  (11.51%),  HLA-B  *  58:01  (8.62%),  HLA-B  *  40:01  (8.22%),  HLA-B  *  15:02  (8.16%) and  HLA-B  *  13:01  (6.95%). This finding revealed that  HLA-B  allele frequency in the Thai population was consistent with the Chinese population ( p  > 0.05), however, differed from the Malaysian population ( p  < 0.05). The top five  HLA-B  genotypes were  HLA-B  *  40:01/46:01  (2.13%),  HLA-B  *  46:01/46:01  (2.03%),  HLA-B  *  40:01/58:01  (2.03%),  HLA-B  *  46:01/58:01  (1.93%) and  HLA-B  *  15:02/46:01  (1.83%). This study found that 15.92% of Thai subjects carry  HLA-B  *  15:02 , which has been associated with carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs). Moreover, 16.33% of Thai subjects carry the  HLA-B  *  58:01  allele, which has been associated with allopurinol-induced SCARs.   Conclusion:  This study demonstrates a high diversity of  HLA-B  polymorphisms in this Thai population. The high frequency of  HLA-B  pharmacogenomic markers in the population emphasizes the importance of such screening to predict/avoid drug hypersensitivity.

HLA-B allele and haplotype diversity among Thai patients identified by PCR-SSOP: evidence for high risk of drug-induced hypersensitivity