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To meet the pollination need of economic crops,  Osmia excavata  has been successfully used to improve the pollination efficiency of Rosaceae and Brassicaceae plants. As a widely used pollinator of economic crops, a systematic study of flower-visiting species and diversities of  O. excavata  stocked in China was not found. To investigate the foraging pollen species and diversities of  O. excavata , beebread from 20 experimental plots in China was collected by the trap-nesting method and analyzed by DNA metabarcoding technology. A total of 26 pollen plants in 14 genera and nine families were identified. A further analysis showed that the richness and abundance of the wild flowering plants in orchards and farmlands were lower than those in the nearby semi-natural habitats. The favorite pollen comes from economic crops apple and rape and wild flowering plants  Juncus interior ,  Rosa gymnocarpa , and  Rosa laevigata . Through a diversity index analysis, it was found that the Anhui region has the highest pollen plant diversity, while the Liaoning region has the lowest. Our results can provide a basis for flower-visiting species and diversities of  O. excavata .

Metabarcoding Analysis of Pollen Species Foraged by Osmia excavata Alfken (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in China