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To alleviate climate change and environmental issues, China has implemented many environmental regulation policies. This paper takes the SO 2  and carbon emission trading pilots ( SETP ,  CETP ) in China as the quasi-experiment and, under the difference-in-difference framework, studies whether the market-based environmental regulation (MER) policy promotes green technology innovation. The investigation is conducted employing patent data with the “IPC Green Inventory” on the panel data of China’s 278 prefectural-level cities over the period 2003–2017. We found that 1) as for a single policy,  SETP  successfully promoted green technology innovation, but failed in  CETP , which shows that not all MER policies can play a positive effect on green technology innovation. Meanwhile,  SETP  and  CETP  did not change the direction of technology innovation and had no impact on total technology innovation. 2) For the combination policy,  SETP  and  CETP  failed to jointly promote green technology innovation, and with the current MER policy in China, it is difficult to realize the policy combination effect. This result implies that repeated implementation of similar environmental policies failed to stimulate innovation. 3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of  SETP  on green technology innovation, mainly in the eastern region, and the promotion effect on invention patents is more prominent than utility model patents, which shows that green technology has improved not only in quantity but also in quality. These findings provide empirical evidence and policy implication for the efficient implementation of environmental regulation.

Can Market-Based Environmental Regulation Promote Green Technology Innovation? Evidence from China