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The eutrophication of many freshwater ecosystems due to human activities frequently results in recurrent cyanobacterial blooms (O’Neil et al., 2012). These blooms disrupt the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and their uses, particularly because many species are likely to produce cyanotoxins (Paerl et al., 2016). It has long been known that the control of nutrients provides a sustainable solution to prevent and/or restore ecosystems from eutrophication and therefore from cyanobacterial blooms (Heisler et al., 2008). However, this requires reduced nutrient inputs, which are often complex and expensive to achieve, and the effects may take time to become visible. For these reasons, many managers have invested in short-term remedial solutions that rapidly reduce cyanobacterial concentrations. The use of short-term solutions (STS) is primarily based on the application of chemical products such as copper sulfate (CuSO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or on the use of ultrasonic devices. The application of these STS has generated considerable debate within the community of scientists working on cyanobacteria. In France for example, the scientific community has largely agreed not to recommend STS. However, there is still considerable debate internationally, and this issue generated intensive discussion during a special session on the use of STS at the International Toxic Algae Conference held inNantes, France in 2018. The aim of this opinion paper is to provide further context to why some scientists are concerned about the increasing use of STS.

The Suitability of Chemical Products and Other Short-Term Remedial Methods for the Control of Cyanobacterial Blooms in Freshwater Ecosystems