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Purpose  To determine the impact of ovarian endometrioma  per se  on  in vitro  fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes.    Methods  This retrospective study was conducted using two groups. The endometrioma group consisted of 862 women with infertility who had ovarian endometriomas and underwent their first ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI treatment between January 2011 to December 2019 at a public university hospital. A non-endometrioma comparison group, comprising 862 women with other infertility factors, was matched according to maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and infertility duration. Ovarian reserve and response and IVF/ICSI and pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) analysis was conducted on the basis of clinical covariates assessed for their association with live birth.    Results  The results showed that significantly lower antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), ovarian sensitivity index (OSI), oocyte maturation and fertilization rates, blastocyst rate, number of oocytes retrieved, and available embryos were found in women with endometrioma compared with the control, respectively (P < 0.05). The cumulative live birth rate  per  patient in women with endometrioma was lower than that of women without endometrioma (39.32%  vs . 46.87%, P = 0.002). In women with endometrioma, those who underwent surgical intervention prior to IVF/ICSI treatment had higher maturation (86.03%  vs . 83.42%, P = 0.003), fertilization (78.16%  vs . 74.93%, P = 0.004), and top-quality embryo rates (42.94%  vs . 39.93%, P = 0.097) but had fewer oocytes retrieved (8.01 ± 5.70  vs . 9.12 ± 6.69, P = 0.013) than women without surgery. However, live birth rates were comparable between women with endometrioma and women in the control group, regardless of whether they had a prior history of ovarian surgery. MLR analysis showed no correlation between endometrioma  per se  and live birth after being adjusted for number of top-quality embryos transferred and stage of embryo transfer.    Conclusions  The data from this study supported the conclusion that ovarian endometrioma negatively impacts oocyte quality and quantity, but not overall pregnancy outcomes, in women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment. Endometrioma lowers the cumulative live birth rate by decreasing the number of embryos. Surgical excision of endometrioma prior to IVF/ICSI can partly improve oocyte maturation and fertilization rates but not pregnancy outcomes.

frontiers in endocrinology

Ovarian Endometrioma Negatively Impacts Oocyte Quality and Quantity But Not Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study