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Objective  This study aimed to elucidate whether growth hormone (GH) adjuvant therapy significantly improves clinical outcomes for expected poor responders in frozen-thawed cycles.    Methods  Expected poor responders undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation with or without GH adjuvant therapy, and subsequently underwent the first frozen-thawed transfer from January 2017 to March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Maternal age was matched at a 1:1 ratio between the GH and control groups. All statistical analyses were performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.    Results  A total of 376 frozen-thawed cycles comprised the GH and control groups at a ratio of 1:1. The number of oocytes (7.13 ± 3.93  vs.  5.89 ± 3.33; p = 0.001), two pronuclei zygotes (4.66 ± 2.76  vs.  3.99 ± 2.31; p = 0.011), and day 3 available embryos (3.86 ± 2.62  vs.  3.26 ± 2.04; p = 0.014) obtained in the GH group was significantly higher than the control group in corresponding fresh cycles. The clinical pregnancy (30.3  vs.  31.0%; p = 0.883), implantation (25.3  vs.  26.2%; p = 0.829), early abortion (16.1  vs.  15.8%; p = 0.967), and live birth rates (20.6  vs.  20.8%; p=0.980) were comparable between the two groups in frozen-thawed cycles. Improvement in the clinical pregnancy (46.8  vs.  32.1%; p = 0.075), early miscarriage (10.3  vs.  20.0%; p = 0.449), and live birth rates (35.7  vs.  18.9%; p = 0.031) was found in the subgroup of poor ovarian responders (PORs) with good quality blastocyst transfer (≥4BB) following GH co-treatment.    Conclusions  GH administration would increase oocyte quantity and quality, in turn, improve live birth rate in PORs.

Clinical Outcomes of Frozen-Thawed Embryos Generated From Growth Hormone Stimulation in Expected Poor Responders