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Objective:  Recently, the role of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for the identification and monitoring of diabetes microvascular complications has emerged. Herein, we aimed to: identify circulating miRNAs differentially expressed in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR); examine their predictive value; and understand their pathogenic impact.   Methods:  Pooled serum samples from randomly selected matched patients with type 2 diabetes, either with or without DR, were used for initial serum miRNA profiling. Validation of the most relevant miRNAs was thereafter conducted by RT-qPCR in an extended sample of patients with DR and matched controls.   Results:  Following miRNA profiling, 43 miRNAs were significantly up- or down-regulated in patients with DR compared with controls. After individual validation, 5 miRNAs were found significantly overexpressed in patients with DR. One of them,  miR-1281 , was the most up-regulated and appeared to be specifically related to DR. Furthermore, secreted levels of  miR-1281  were increased in high glucose-cultured retinal cells, and there was evidence of a potential link between glucose-induced  miR-1281  up-regulation and DR.   Conclusion:  Our findings suggest  miR-1281  as a circulating biomarker of DR. Also, they highlight the pathogenic significance of  miR-1281 , providing insights for a new potential target in treating DR.

MicroRNA-1281 as a Novel Circulating Biomarker in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy