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This study tested the hypothesis that an 8-week exercise intervention supported by mobile health (mHealth) technology would improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors and heart rate variability (HRV) in a population with MetS risk factors. Participants ( n  = 12; three male; aged 56.9 ± 7.0 years) reported to the laboratory for assessment of MetS risk factors and fitness (VO 2max ) at baseline ( V   0 ) and after 8-weeks ( V   2 ) of intervention. Participants received an individualized exercise prescription and a mHealth technology kit for remote monitoring of blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, physical activity, and body weight via smartphone. Participants underwent 24-h ambulatory monitoring of R–R intervals following  V   0  and  V   2 . Low and high frequency powers of HRV were assessed from the recording and the ratio of low-to-high frequency powers and low and high frequency powers in normalized units were calculated. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed that waist circumference ( V   0 : 113.1 ± 11.0 cm,  V   2 : 108.1 ± 14.7 cm;  p  = 0.004) and diastolic BP ( V   0 : 81 ± 6 mmHg,  V   2 : 76 ± 11 mmHg;  p  = 0.04) were reduced and VO 2max  increased ( V   0 : 31.3 ml/kg/min,  V   2 : 34.8 ml/kg/min;  p  = 0.02) with no changes in other MetS risk factors. Low and high frequency powers in normalized units were reduced ( V   0 : 75.5 ± 12.0,  V   2 : 72.0 ± 12.1;  p  = 0.03) and increased ( V   0 : 24.5 ± 12.0,  V   2 : 28.0 ± 12.1;  p  = 0.03), respectively, with no other changes in HRV. Over the intervention period, changes in systolic BP were correlated negatively with the changes in R–R interval ( r  = −0.600;  p  = 0.04) and positively with the changes in heart rate ( r  = 0.611;  p  = 0.03), with no other associations between MetS risk factors and HRV parameters. Thus, this 8-week mHealth supported exercise intervention improved MetS risk factors and HRV parameters, but only changes in systolic BP were associated with improved autonomic function.

frontiers in endocrinology

Diabetes and Technology for Increased Activity Study: The Effects of Exercise and Technology on Heart Rate Variability and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors