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We investigated the structural, vibrational, and electrical transport properties for natural barite under the conditions of 298–873 K and 1.5–35.0 GPa using a diamond anvil cell by virtue of Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements. Upon compression, natural barite transformed into post-barite at 18.9 GPa and atmospheric temperature, which was evidenced by the emergence of  υ  5  Raman peak, the discontinuities in the pressure-dependent Raman shifts, FWHM of  υ  1  Raman peak and electrical conductivity under non-hydrostatic condition. The phase transition is of good reversibility, whereas a considerable pressure hysteresis was detected during the process of decompression. Under quasi-hydrostatic condition, the structural transition of natural barite occurred at a higher pressure of 21.4 GPa, which is possibly related to the influence of deviatoric stress. Furthermore, our high-temperature and high-pressure Raman spectra and electrical conductivity results for natural barite revealed that the phase transformation pressures decreased as temperatures enhanced and further, the phase boundary between barite and post-barite was described as  P  (GPa) = 24.00–0.0166  T  (K). Our obtained phase diagram of natural barite can improve the knowledge about the structural and electrical properties for other barite-group minerals MSO 4  (M = Sr and Pb) under high temperature and high pressure conditions.

High-Temperature and High-Pressure Phase Transition of Natural Barite Investigated by Raman Spectroscopy and Electrical Conductivity