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Temporal changes of soil CO 2  flux ( FCO   2  ) and soil CO 2  concentration ( [CO   2   ]   v  ) were surveyed in a natural CO 2  emission site to characterize the factors controlling the short-term temporal variation of geogenic  FCO   2   in a non-volcanic and seismically inactive area. Due to a lack of long-term monitoring system,  FCO   2   was discontinuously measured for three periods: Ⅰ, Ⅱ at a high  FCO   2   point (M17) and Ⅲ about 30 cm away. Whereas  [CO   2   ]   v   was investigated at a point (60 cm depth) for all periods. A 2.1 magnitude earthquake occurred 7.8 km away and 20 km deep approximately 12 h before the period Ⅱ. The negative correlation of  FCO   2   with air pressure suggested the non-negligible advective transport of soil CO 2 . However,  FCO   2   was significantly and positively related with air temperature as well, and  [CO   2   ]   v   showed different temporal changes from  FCO   2  . These results indicate the diffusive transport of soil  CO   2   dominant in the vadose zone, while the advection near the surface. Meanwhile  [CO   2   ]   v   rapidly decreased while an anomalous  FCO   2   peak was observed during the period Ⅱ, and the CO 2  emission enhanced by the earthquake was discussed as a possible reason for the synchronous decrease in  [CO   2   ]   v   and increase in  FCO   2  . In contrast,  [CO   2   ]   v   increased to 56.8% during the period Ⅲ probably due to low gas diffusion at cold weather. In addition,  FCO   2   was low during the period Ⅲ and showed different correlations with measurements compared to  FCO   2   at M17, implying heterogeneous CO 2  transport conditions at the centimeter scale. The abnormal  FCO   2   observed after the earthquake in a seismically inactive area implies that the global natural CO 2  emission may be higher than the previous estimation. The study result suggests a permanent  FCO   2   monitoring station in tectonically stable regions to confirm the impact of geogenic CO 2  to climate change and its relation with earthquakes.

Short-Term Monitoring of Geogenic Soil CO2 Flux in a Non-Volcanic and Seismically Inactive Emission Site, South Korea