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International audienceMicrobialmatshavebeenrepeatedlysuggestedtopromoteearlyfossilizationofmacroorganisms.Yet,experimentalsimulationsofthisprocessremainscarce.Here,wereportresultsof5year-longexperimentsperformedonfishcarcassestodocumenttheinfluenceofmicrobialmatsonmineralprecipitationduringearlyfossilization.Carcasseswereinitiallyplacedontopofmicrobialmats.After2weeks,fishbecamecoatedbythematsformingacompactsarcophagus,whichmodifiedthemicroenvironmentclosetothecorpses.Ourresultsshowedthattheseconditionsfavoredtheprecipitationofapoorlycrystallinesilicatephaserichinmagnesium.Thistalc-likemineralphasehasbeendetectedinthreedifferentlocationswithinthecarcassesplacedinmicrobialmatsformorethan4years:(1)withininnertissues,colonizedbyseveralbacillarycells;(2)atthesurfaceofbonesoftheupperfaceofthecorpseburiedinthemat;and(3)atthesurfaceofseveralbonessuchasthedorsalfinwhichappearedtobegraduallyreplacedbytheMg-silicatephase.Thismineralphasehasbeenpreviouslyshowntopromotebacteriafossilization.HereweprovidefirstexperimentalevidencethatsuchMg-richphasecanalsobeinvolvedinexceptionalpreservationofanimals

Preservation in microbial mats: mineralization by a talc-like phase of a fish embedded in a microbial sarcophagus