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Rationale  Atrial fibrillation is a critical health burden. Targeting calcium (Ca 2+ ) dysregulation and oxidative stress are potential upstream therapeutic strategies. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 can modulate Ca 2+  homeostasis and has antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether FGF1 has anti-arrhythmic potential through modulating Ca 2+  homeostasis and antioxidant activity of pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrium (LA) myocytes.    Methods  Patch clamp, western blotting, confocal microscopy, cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress studies were performed in isolated rabbit PV and LA myocytes treated with or without FGF1 (1 and 10 ng/mL). Conventional microelectrodes were used to record electrical activity in isolated rabbit PV and LA tissue preparations with and without FGF1 (3 μg/kg, i.v.).    Results  FGF1-treated rabbits had a slower heart rate than that observed in controls. PV and LA tissues in FGF1-treated rabbits had slower beating rates and longer action potential duration than those observed in controls. Isoproterenol (1 μM)-treated PV and LA tissues in the FGF1-treated rabbits showed less changes in the increased beating rate and a lower incidence of tachypacing (20 Hz)-induced burst firing than those observed in controls. FGF1 (10 ng/mL)-treated PV and LA myocytes had less oxidative stress and Ca 2+  transient than those observed in controls. Compared to controls, FGF1 (10 ng/mL) decreased I Na−L  in PV myocytes and lowered  I  to ,  I  Kr−tail  in LA myocytes. Protein kinase C (PKC)ε inhibition abolished the effects of FGF1 on the ionic currents of LA and PV myocytes.    Conclusion  FGF1 changes PV and LA electrophysiological characteristics possibly  via  modulating oxidative stress, Na + /Ca 2+  homeostasis, and the PKCε pathway.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Reduces Pulmonary Vein and Atrium Arrhythmogenesis via Modification of Oxidative Stress and Sodium/Calcium Homeostasis