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Colletotrichum scovillei  is the major anthracnose fungus of sweet pepper and chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum  L.), causing significant losses in the yield and quality of the pepper fruits. Molecular mechanisms governing development and pathogenicity have been widely studied in many foliar fungal pathogens, but the information on fruit diseases is still limited. In this study, we determined the functional roles of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase CsPOM1 in  C. scovillei . Knockout mutant for  CsPOM1  gene was obtained  via  homology-dependent gene replacement. The  ΔCspom1  mutant exhibited a reduction in vegetative growth on osmotic stress, surface hydrophobicity, and conidiation compared with wild-type. Conidia of the  ΔCspom1  mutant were already two-celled before inoculation on an induction surface, indicating that  CsPOM1  negatively regulates conidial cell division. The  ΔCspom1  mutant, similar to wild-type, formed appressoria on the plant surface, but was significantly reduced on hydrophobic coverslips, probably due to a defect in the recognition of surface hydrophobicity. Treatment of conidia with cutin monomers restored appressorium formation on hydrophobic coverslips in the  ΔCspom1  mutant. On pepper fruits, the  ΔCspom1  mutant exhibited delayed penetration and invasive growth, leading to significantly reduced virulence. Collectively, the results showed that  CsPOM1  is important for stress tolerance, conidiation, surface hydrophobicity, appressorium formation, and virulence in  C. scovillei .

frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

CsPOM1, a DYRK Family Kinase, Plays Diverse Roles in Fungal Development, Virulence, and Stress Tolerance in the Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum scovillei