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Enteric diseases caused by  Salmonella  are prevalent in poultry farming. With the forbiddance of antibiotics in feedstuff industry,  Bacillus subtilis  ( B. subtilis ) preparation as antibiotic alternatives against  Salmonella  infection has gained increasing attention recently. However, the protection modes of  B. subtilis  against  Salmonella  infection in broilers are strain-specific. In this study, probiotic  B. subtilis  LF11 significantly reduced diarrhea and mortality of broilers caused by  Salmonella braenderup  ( S. braenderup ) in spite of no inhibition effect on it  in vitro . Here, the intestinal epithelial cells NCM460 were incubated to explore the protection of  B. subtilis  LF11 on intestinal epithelium against  Salmonella . The results revealed that  B. subtilis  LF11 showed obvious exclusion activity with the decrease of adhesion and invasion of  S. braenderup  to NCM460 cells, accordingly with the increase of NCM460 cell survival compared with  S. braenderup  challenge alone. Meanwhile, RT-PCR and Western blot proved that the gene transcription and expression levels of four tight junction proteins in NCM 460 cells were upregulated, which was further confirmed by immunofluorescence observation. Besides,  B. subtilis  LF11 downregulated the gene transcription levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α induced by  S. braenderup  H9812. ELISA analysis also verified that  B. subtilis  LF11 reduced the IL-8 production significantly. In general,  B. subtilis  LF11 has the ability to protect the intestinal epithelium against  Salmonella  infection by reducing the  Salmonella  adhesion and invasion, enhancing the intestinal barrier and attenuating the enterocyte inflammatory responses, and has the potential as probiotics to prevent enteric diseases in broilers.

Probiotic Bacillus subtilis LF11 Protects Intestinal Epithelium Against Salmonella Infection