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Periodontitis is a worldwide oral disease induced by the interaction of subgingival bacteria and host response and is characterized by local inflammation, bone resorption, and tooth loss. Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) is a biologically active component derived from Panax ginseng and has been demonstrated to exert antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory efficiency of Rd towards  Porphyromonas gingivalis  ( P. gingivalis ), periodontal inflammatory response, and osteoclastogenesis  in vitro  and to further validate the results in a mouse periodontitis model, thus, evaluate the potential effects of Rd on the control and prevention of periodontitis. According to the results, Rd exerted excellent antibacterial activities against planktonic  P. gingivalis , along with attenuating  P. gingivalis  virulence and inhibiting its biofilms. Meanwhile, the inflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenesis were remarkably inhibited by Rd both  in vitro  and  in vivo . Furthermore, Rd efficiently ameliorated the subgingival  P. gingivalis  abundance and suppressed the alveolar bone resorption  in vivo  as well. In conclusion, Rd has the potential to be developed as a promising medication in the control and prevention of periodontitis.

Application of Ginsenoside Rd in Periodontitis With Inhibitory Effects on Pathogenicity, Inflammation, and Bone Resorption