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The effects of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) on diabetic metabolic disorders are still controversial, and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between the gut microbiota and the improvement of diabetic metabolic disorders by exogenous H 2 S in obese db/db mice. The db/db mice were treated with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (80 μmol/kg), or vehicle for 16 weeks, respectively. We measured the serum H 2 S, obesity parameters, glucose homeostasis, and triglyceride. The sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in the cecal contents of NaHS-treated mice was performed to evaluate the gut microbial communities. We found that supplying exogenous H 2 S for 16 weeks significantly inhibited the increase of serum triglyceride, blood glucose, and insulin levels and altered specifically the gut bacterial microbiota structure in db/db mice. The relative abundance of some bacterial genera was correlated with the H 2 S or blood glucose level. Indeed, exogenous H 2 S increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes at the phylum level along with changes of abundance of multifarious genera. Among them,  Unclassified_Enterobacteriaceae ,  Prevotella , and  Lactobacillus  decreased and  Unclassified_Ruminococcaceae ,  Oscillospira ,  Ruminococcus ,  Sutterella , and  Desulfovibrio  increased. For fungi, exogenous H 2 S decreased the abundance of  Candida  and  Aspergillus . Here we demonstrated that, in diabetes, microbial dysbiosis may not be just limited to bacteria due to the inter-linked metabolic interactions among bacteria and fungi in the gut. The beneficial effects of exogenous H 2 S on diabetic metabolic disorders are likely associated with the alterations of specific microbiota.

Effects of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide on Diabetic Metabolic Disorders in db/db Mice Are Associated With Gut Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota