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Objective  To explore the main variations in gut microbiota compositions, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations and autoinducer-2 (AI-2) levels in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants with feeding intolerance (FI).    Methods  Twenty-seven VLBW infants with gestational ages of ≤30 weeks were divided into the FI group (n=14) and feeding tolerance (FT) group (n=13). The gut microbiota composition and SCFAs concentrations and AI-2 levels in feces were detected at 2 and 4 weeks after birth.    Results  There was no difference in alpha diversity between the two groups at 2 and 4 weeks after birth ( P &amp;gt;0.05). Although the  Chao  index decreased ( P &amp;lt;0.05), there was no difference in the  Shannon  index from 2 weeks to 4 weeks in either the FI or FT group ( P &amp;gt;0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in beta diversity between the FI and FT groups at 2 weeks ( P &amp;gt;0.05), but there was a significant difference in beta diversity between the two groups at 4 weeks ( P &amp;lt;0.05) and a large difference from 2 weeks to 4 weeks in both the FI and FT groups ( P &amp;lt;0.05). Furthermore, the composition of the microbiota at 4 weeks was significantly different from that at 2 weeks in the FI group ( P &amp;lt;0.05). The  Veillonella  abundance was lower at 4 weeks in the FI group ( P &amp;lt;0.05), but there were no differences in the compositions of the other main microbes between the two groups ( P &amp;gt;0.05).  Proteobacteria  and  Firmicutes  were dominant in both the FI and FT groups. The concentrations of propanoic, valeric and hexanoic acids were lower in the FI group at 2 weeks, and the levels of isobutyric and valeric acids were lower at 4 weeks after birth ( P &amp;lt;0.05). The areas under the curves ( AUCs ) of propanoic, butanoic and valeric acids in predicting FI were 0.878, 0.816 and 0.744, respectively. Compared with that in the FT group, the relative bioluminescence of AI-2 was lower in the FI group at 2 weeks ( P &amp;lt;0.05), and the  AUC  was 0.736.    Conclusions  The main composition of the microbiota was not obviously different in infants with FI. Some SCFAs and AI-2 have moderate value in predicting FI.

frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

Differences in the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolites Associated With Feeding Intolerance in VLBW Infants With a Gestational Age of ≤ 30 Weeks: A Pilot Study