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In this study, we investigated the relation of probiotic activity of  Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus  strain GG (LGG) and expression of microRNA to immune response and longevity in  Caenorhabditis elegans  host model. First, we evaluated the survival rate of  C. elegans  due to LGG exposure and bacterial colonization in the intestine. Next, the expression of mRNA and miRNA was analyzed in  C. elegans  exposure to LGG for 24 h using microarray. After exposure to LGG to  C. elegans , colonized LGG was observed in the intestines of  C. elegans  and induced to extend lifespan. Moreover, persistent LGG in the intestine significantly enhanced the resistance of  C. elegans  exposed to both pathogenic bacteria and prolonged the lifespan of  C. elegans . Transcriptome analysis indicated that LGG affected the expression levels of genes related to the innate immune response and upregulated the abundance of genes in multiple pathways of  C. elegans , including Wnt signaling, TGF-beta signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of antibacterial genes was increased by LGG. Moreover, as the expression of microRNA  miR-34  and immune-related pathways increased by exposure to LGG, the lifespan of  C. elegans  increased. However, in the  miR-34  mutant  C. elegans , the lifespan by LGG did not increase, so it was determined that  miR-34  indirectly affects immune-related pathways. There was no significant difference in the expression of PMK-1 for LGG exposure in miR-34 mutants, suggesting that miR-34 may regulate PMK-1. In conclusion, we suggest that exposure of LGG to  C. elegans  enhances lifespan and resistance to food-borne pathogen infection by stimulating  miR-34  and indirectly promoting PMK-1 activity.

frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Increased Longevity and Resistance Against Foodborne Pathogens in Caenorhabditis elegans by Regulating MicroRNA miR-34