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Oomycetes are a group of eukaryotic organisms that includes many important pathogens of animals and plants. Within this group, the  Haptoglossa  genus is characterised by the presence of specialised gun cells carrying a harpoon-like infection apparatus. While several  Haptoglossa  pathogens have been morphologically described, there are currently no host systems developed to study the infection process or host responses in the lab. In this study, we report that  Haptoglossa  species are potent natural pathogens of  Caenorhabditis  nematodes. Using electron microscopy, we characterise the infection process in  C. elegans  and demonstrate that the oomycete causes excessive tissue degradation upon entry in the body cavity, whilst leaving the host cuticle intact. We also report that the host transcriptional response to  Haptoglossa  infection shares similarities with the response against the oomycete  Myzocytiopsis humicola , a key example of which is the induction of  chitinase-like (chil)  genes in the hypodermis. We demonstrate that this shared feature of the host response can be mounted by pathogen detection without any infection, as previously shown for  M. humicola . These results highlight similarities in the nematode immune response to natural infection by phylogenetically distinct oomycetes.

Infection of C. elegans by Haptoglossa Species Reveals Shared Features in the Host Response to Oomycete Detection