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Viridans streptococci are a group of α-hemolytic streptococcal species. They are mainly commensals, most abundant in the mouth supporting oral health. But they also include important human pathogens such as  Streptococcus pneumoniae . Identification and molecular typing of viridans group streptococci are challenging, especially for members of the salivarius group. In this study, we developed a single-locus molecular typing method that is able to differentiate among the highly phylogenetically related members of the salivarius group ( S. salivarius ,  S. vestibularis  and  S. thermophilus ) and might support differentiation in other groups as well. This typing approach is based on the amplification and sequence analysis of the housekeeping gene dephospho-coenzyme A kinase ( coaE ), a gene with unrecognized taxonomic potential to date. Here, we analysed  coaE  gene sequences of 154 publicly available genomes and of 30 salivarius group isolates of our own collection that together belong to 20 different gram-positive bacterial (sub) species. Our results revealed that the  coaE  phylogeny distinguished between streptococcal and non-streptococcal genomes and that  coaE  gene sequences were species-specific. In contrast to MALDI-TOF MS performance, the  coaE  typing was able to precisely identify the phylogenetically very closely related members of the salivarius group.

A New Species-Specific Typing Method for Salivarius Group Streptococci Based on the Dephospho-Coenzyme A Kinase (coaE) Gene Sequencing