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Staphylococcus aureus  ( S. aureus ) is one of the most common clinical pathogenic bacteria with strong pathogenicity and usually leads to various suppurative infections with high fatality. Traditional bacterial culture for the detection of  S. aureus  is prone to diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment delays because of its long-time consumption and low sensitivity. In this study, we successfully developed a quantum dots immunofluorescence biosensor for  S. aureus  detection. The biosensor combined the advantages of biosensors with the high specificity of antigen-antibody immune interactions and the high sensitivity and stability of quantum dots fluorescence. The results demonstrated that the biosensor possessed high specificity and high sensitivity for  S. aureus  detection. The detection limit of  S. aureus  reached 1 × 10 4  CFU/ml or even 1 × 10 3  CFU/ml, and moreover, the fluorescence intensity had a significant positive linear correlation relationship with the logarithm of the  S. aureus  concentration in the range of 10 3 –10 7  CFU/ml (correlation coefficient  R   2  = 0.9731,  P  = 0.011). A specificity experiment showed that this biosensor could effectively distinguish  S. aureus  (1 × 10 4  CFU/ml and above) from other common pathogenic (non- S. aureus ) bacteria in nosocomial infections, such as  Klebsiella pneumoniae ,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,  Acinetobacter baumannii  and  Escherichia coli . Additionally, the whole detection procedure spent only 2 h. In addition, the biosensor in this study may not be affected by the interference of the biofilm or other secretions since the clinical biological specimens are need to be fully liquefied to digest and dissolve viscous secretions such as biofilms before the detection procedure of the biosensor in this study. In conclusion, the biosensor could meet the need for rapid and accurate  S. aureus  detection for clinical application.

A New Optical Fiber Probe-Based Quantum Dots Immunofluorescence Biosensors in the Detection of Staphylococcus aureus