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Hazelnut ( Corylus heterophylla  Fisch.) is an important nut crop in China but has been declining owing to the destructive effects of fungal branch canker and dieback. The identification and management of these pathogens are difficult because of the lack of attention to branch canker, insufficient understanding of phylogenetic, and overlapping morphological characteristics of the pathogens. In total, 51 strains were isolated from Chinese wild hazelnut in this study, and three species of  Cytospora  and two of  Diaporthe  were identified through morphological observation and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS,  act ,  rpb2 ,  tef1-α , and  tub2  for  Cytospora ; ITS,  cal ,  his3 ,  tef1-α , and  tub2  for  Diaporthe ). Three new species,  Cytospora corylina ,  C. curvispora , and  Diaporthe corylicola , and two known species,  Cytospora leucostoma  and  Diaporthe eres , grew at 5–30°C and a pH of 3.0–11.0, with optimum growth at approximately 25°C and pH 4.0–7.0. Additionally, the effects of six carbon sources on mycelial growth were investigated. This study explored the main pathogenic fungi species of  Corylus heterophylla , completed the corresponding database of pathogenic fungi information, and clarified their biological characteristics. Moreover, the results of this study provided a theoretical basis for  Corylus heterophylla  disease management and prevention in China.

Cytospora and Diaporthe Species Associated With Hazelnut Canker and Dieback in Beijing, China